Astronomy 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Astronomy 1 - Research Paper Example The space between the universal objects is not vacant and contains gases that are distributed in the space. Due to this phenomenon, absorption lines are created into the universe that are called intercellular lines of gases. Due to expansion of the universe, the stars and other stellar objects are moving farther and faster as compared to speed of light. Therefore, Hubble law is used to find the distance in the universe (Goldsmith & Owen, 2001). Stars are just like light emitting bodies. Decrease in brightness can be observed if one moves them further away. Simple mathematical rule is applied for notifying change in obvious brightness of stars as a function of its distance from us. . The mathematical formula is as follow. Luminosity of star is also used to write inverse square law. Luminosity is energy that star emits in each seconds which is measured in watts. It can be described in following manner. If luminosity of star is known then brightness can be measured. Then brightness is used for calculating distance (Goldsmith & Owen, 2001). Geologists have assumed that rocks in earth structure are some 4 billion years old. The stones came from moon and mars also seem to be having same history. It is assumed that earth and planets formed at the same time when sun was formed. Thus our sun is about 5 billion years old approximately. It is huge ball of gas mostly containing hydrogen which is contained due to gravity (Goldsmith & Owen, 2001). The new energy source of sun was proposed by a British astronomer at the end of world war one. He puts three ideas together. Astronomers knew that presence of hot and dense gases at center of sun are helpful in supporting its weight. Expanding high pressure hot gases maintain the outer layer of sun. Secondly the research proves that four atoms of hydrogen are equal in weight to one helium atom. The same ratio is composed of subatomic particles. Still the weight of helium is

Why military leaders need Critical and Creative Thinking to be Essay

Why military leaders need Critical and Creative Thinking to be successful - Essay Example Todays military leaders are constantly compelled to act as "out of the box" thinkers. Such statements give the impression that the only comprehensive solutions are those that have never been conceived. However, what a professional military education system (PMES) as well as the military really endeavor to produce are leaders that have strongly critical as well as creative thinking skills (Hbr 1). Both indirectly avoid the idea that the box even exists. Todays organizations function in what the U.S War College describes as a VUCA setting. Volatility, complexity, uncertainty, and ambiguity are continuous realities within the 21st century. The military tries to prepare for challenges it could probably face by creating realistic training scenarios as well as routinely adding such activities into its ongoing operations. The objective is not to teach them what to think, but to develop their ability to think creatively and critically about the number of contingencies posed by a dynamic environment—in essence to educate them how to think appropriately. The expression "professional military education"(PME) shows the duality of the system. It is intended to both increase the military’s professionalism as well as educate it. These are related as well as overlapping goals, but they are not similar. Professionalism means that the military leaders share both an amount of knowledge directly associated with their mission and ethics. While education implies a widening beyond the limitations of knowledge directly associated with the mission and the advancement of critical and creative thinking. Good decision making is one of the traits together with good leadership that is significant when it comes to command. Critical and creative thinking also has significant consequences for group dynamic skills as well as quality control. Critical and creative

Ethics Social Justice Essay Example for Free

Ethics Social Justice Essay The ethical issues that were identified in the case study of Guerrilla Government in EPA’s Seattle Regional Office were cumbersome. The first of many to create unethical situations was the administrator of EPA’s Seattle regional office in 1981, John Spencer. His staff remembers his tenure for all the unethical actions he took such as using tax payer’s money to buy a membership for the EPA in the Chamber of Commerce (O’Leary, 2014 p. 48). His actions continued even after numerous attempts to advise him that his actions were against federal guidelines and caused serious conflict of interest questions. He also allegedly took several personal trips to Alaska to handle affairs related to his previous job on public expense. In addition, he requested as personal driver to take him to and from and requested modifications to the EPA office building without getting prior approval from the General Services Administration thus violating federal law (O’Leary, 2014 p. 48-54). There was also unethical conduct displayed by Ernesta Barnes ‘successor, Robie Russell. In March of 1987, Russell made his unethical behavior known when the local media announced that a veteran engineer had quit his job due to being angry that he was being transferred involuntarily to another job. At that point, Russell began making decisions that had once been a group effort behind closed doors. Workers who were once performing analysis, were cut out of the decision making process. He was even believed to have removed important comments in reports before they were released to the public. He was also known to back out of his support for the development of oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge and then recall that support later in a testimony to the U.S House of Representatives who were considering the proposal. He stated that â€Å"The EPA does not oppose the environmentally acceptable development of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge†.

Persuasive Essay- Ipads in Kindergarten Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Essay- Ipads in Kindergarten Essay In 2011, ten years after Maine began issuing laptops to all seventh graders, the Auburn School System launched an initiative to provide an iPad 2 for each of its students entering kindergarten. At a cost of roughly $200,000- representing a 5% increase in the school budget (Opinions Divided†¦) some taxpayers were less than pleased- calling it a complete waste of money. But in Auburn- and schools around the country- trends are emerging and showing the iPad to be a powerful learning tool and a necessary investment in our children’s future. For over a decade, Maine has been at the forefront of integrating technology into public schools and there is no reason to stop now. Despite the high cost to institute this program, Auburn should continue to provide iPads to students entering kindergarten. Auburn is not alone in providing iPads to kindergarteners. In fact, kindergarten students in Maine, Tennessee, and South Carolina have received iPads to supplement their teacher’s instruction. While the iPad cannot replace the human interaction of a teacher, it is a great addition to the classroom, at a time when the teacher to student ratio keeps getting larger and larger. Laura Shaw, principal of Sherwood Heights School recently said, â€Å"When you have eighteen kids in the classroom and you see ten kids, hands raised up, the teacher does her best to get around. But sometimes with the iPads and certain apps the kids get immediate feedback. They know what theyve done is correct and they can move on, or they know Oh, I need to ask for help,† (Porter). For example, a child can play â€Å"Feed the Hippos Hot Peppers. † In this app the child counts aloud while feeding the hippo. The teacher can adjust the app difficulty to â€Å"count† or â€Å"add† peppers, depending on the child’s capabilities. When the child answers the problem correctly, the iPad responds with a round of applause; an immediate cue to the child that they were correct (Lemeshow). Initially, Auburn Schools split the children into two groups when first issuing the iPads in 2011. Half of the children received iPads during the first week of school, the other half received their iPads in mid-November; effectively creating a control group to gage learning. Although the study lasted just 9 weeks, the results were promising. When tested, students who received their iPads in the first week of school scored higher in 9 out of 10 areas, compared with children who did not. One area in particular really stood out: recognizing sounds and writing letters. Kindergartners with iPads gained 13. 72 points, compared to an 11. 58-point gain for students who did not have iPads. That difference is significant, said Mike Muir, the Multiple Pathways leader for Auburn schools (Auburn Report: iPads). When pupils use iPads, more learning does not seem like a far stretch. With 100’s of learning apps available for download, teachers are able to customize the iPad and tailor the lesson to the individual child’s needs. This way, advanced children can reach their highest potential without becoming bored while the rest of the class catches up. On the other side, if one or two children are struggling, the rest of the class can move on, while the child receives the help she needs. Sherwood Heights Elementary School kindergarten teacher Susan Lemeshow called the iPads â€Å"one of the most powerful teaching tools I’ve ever used. †¦ I can put her on one book, her on a different level book,† she said of two girls in her class. Pupils are doing the same lesson, â€Å"but at the level they need,† she said (Report Say Giving†¦). So what is the problem? Those who oppose the program site the cost- around $800 per student entering kindergarten- as a major issue and wonder if a kindergartener is responsible enough to handle such an expensive piece of equipment. Others worry children may not learn to read and write properly. Auburn hopes the high level of testing done in the beginning of the school year will line them up for educational grants to relieve taxpayers of the burden from having to foot the bill. At the end of the year, the school system will also be able to compare this year’s kindergarten to previous years, with hopes of even better results. Regarding concerns of the students learning to write, it is important for people to understand that children are not using the iPads all day. The use of iPads is balanced. Students are still using crayons, markers, and traditional books. They are still learning how to hold pencils or crayons, and how to write (3 Auburn Teachers†¦). The iPads are a â€Å"center-based† activity with the children using them in 15-minute increments 2 to 3 times per day. Each iPad has a protective case, and students are not allowed to bring them home (Lemeshow). Providing iPads to students as an educational tool is invaluable. With the iPads children have become excited about learning. â€Å"We are seeing high levels of student motivation, engagement and learning in the iPad classrooms,† said Sue Dorris, Principal of East Auburn School (NooNoo). Children born in today’s world grow up bombarded by technology in every aspect of their lives- except school- so an iPad as a learning tool is appealing to them. It really gets their attention and keeps them engaged. The results are more learning and better test scores. With technology always evolving, newer apps, and programs, the possibilities really are endless. Auburn’s plan is to purchase and iPad for each new pupil entering kindergarten. The iPad will stay with the student from kindergarten through 6th grade. With this plan Auburn hopes to have an iPad in the hands of every elementary student in the district by 2017. If every student is equipped with an iPad, the world of digital text books emerges- which could amount to huge savings. In this digital world, it is not really a question of if we can afford this; but more a question of if we can afford not to? Works Cited Lemeshow, Susan. Telephone interview. 27 Apr. 2012. NooNoo, Stephen, ed. â€Å"Kindergarten iPad Initiative Reveals Modest Literacy Gains. † T. H. E. Journal. 1105 Media, Inc. , 2012. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. http://thejournal. com/? articles/? 2012/? 02/? 17/? kindergarten-ipad-initiative-reveals-modest-literacy-gains. aspx. Porter, Tim. â€Å"A School System in Maine Gives iPads to Kindergartners. † Voice of America. N. p. , 23 Nov. 2011. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. http://www. voanews. com/? learningenglish/? home/? education/? A-School-System-in-Maine-Gives-iPads-to-Kindergartners-134428658. html. Washuk, Bonnie. â€Å"Auburn Report: iPads Help Kindergartners’ Learn. † McClatchy Tribune Business News (Feb. 2012): n. pag. ProQuest Central K12. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. http://search. proquest. com/? docview/? 921559906? accountid=40168. -. â€Å"Opinions Divided Over iPads for Auburn Kindergartners. † Sun Journal [Lewiston, Maine] 8 Apr. 2011, Lewiston-Auburn ed. : n. pag. Sun Journal. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. http://www. sunjournal. com/? city/? story/? 1012022. -. â€Å"Report Says Giving iPads to Auburn Kindergartners Increases Test Scores. † Bangor Daily News 16 Feb. 2012: n. pag. BangorDailyNews. Com. Web. 28 Apr. 2012. http://bangordailynews. com/? 2012/? 02/? 16/? education/? report-says-giving-ipads-to-auburn-kindergartners-increases-test-scores/. -. â€Å"3 Auburn Teachers Give iPads High Grade. † Sun Journal [Lewiston, Me. ] 20 Oct. 2011.

An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

An Inspector Calls' is based in 1912, before the first and second world war, before the sinking of the Titanic and before women had any rights. An Inspector Calls 'An Inspector Calls' is based in 1912, before the first and second world war, before the sinking of the Titanic and before women had any rights. 'An Inspector Calls' was written in 1945, Britain was enduring the final year of The Second World War and the country was united in one community, together they were fighting for Britain. JB Priestley liked what he saw; people were putting aside their class and background and ignored their prejudices in an attempt to help their country. The only problem was Priestley knew after the war, that Britain may return to its previous state. Therefore Priestley wrote a play, based in Edwardian Britain when class mattered and reputation was everything. Priestley set the play in Brumley, an industrial town where, like most places in Britain, the rich and poor rarely met. The only places the two classes became more integrated were the bars where prostitutes and rich men would meet. But these places were another world, a form of escapism for family men yearning for more excitement, they had double standards and these double standards appear throughout the play. The story is about the Birling family and their involvement with a young woman who tragically committed suicide, each member of the family had their own input to her downward spiral, and it started with Mr Birling. 'A man has to mind his own business and look after himself and his own..' and it is with that there is knock at the door. Inspector Goole enters the Birling household (and in my opinion acting as Priestley's alter-ego), causing unrest amongst some of them and no affect on others. The mood changes from a happy, celebratory atmosphere to a tense and mysterious one. Maybe this could be shown in a change of lighting, being more intense as apposed to before when the family were rejoicing the fact of their daughter's engagement. When the inspector begins to interrogate Mr Birling he refuses to accept any responsibility for Eva Smith's death, he gives no thought to his actions and this is obvious as he shows relatively little remorse or guilt. However, Mr Birling has an honest approach to life, not ashamed by his refusal to give Eva Smith a raise 'I refused of course,' and seems surprised why anyone would query his actions. Money in this era was a precious thing and all Eva Smith was to Mr Birling was a problem, which must be rid off immediately, especially since it could

The Necklace Essay -- Literary Analysis, Guy de Maupassant

â€Å"The Necklace† Around the world, values are expressed differently. Some people think that life is about the little things that make them happy. Others feel the opposite way and that expenses are the way to live. In Guy de Maupassant’s short story, â€Å"The Necklace†, he develops a character, Madame Loisel, who illustrates her different style of assessments. Madame Loisel, a beautiful woman, lives in a wonderful home with all the necessary supplies needed to live. However, she is very unhappy with her life. She feels she deserves a much more expensive and materialistic life than what she has. After pitying herself for not being the richest of her friends, she goes out and borrows a beautiful necklace from an ally. But as she misplaces the closest thing she has to the life she dreams of and not telling her friend about the mishap, she could have set herself aside from ten years of work. Through many literary devices, de Maupassant sends a message to value less substance arti cles so life can be spent wisely. â€Å"The Necklace† ends up to be a very ironic story as it explains why valuing the more important things in life can be very effective towards a person’s happiness. One example of the story’s irony is when she is at the party dressed as a beautiful and fancy woman. ‘She danced madly, wildly, drunk with pleasure, giving no thought to anything in the triumph of her beauty, the pride of her success†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (pg 193). This is a form of dramatic irony because Guy explains earlier that Mme. Loisel is just a middle class woman who dreams of a wealthy life, but she is just alluding herself as a luxurious woman. Another example of irony in the story is when Madame found out that the necklace was paste. On page 196, Mme. Forestier, Ma... ...ches and expenses. The message to value more important things in order to have a wisely spent life is demonstrated very well through literary devices in â€Å"The Necklace†, by Guy de Maupassant. Madame undergoes an ironic moment in life as she learns what is worth valuing. She is a very greedy woman who only cares about herself. The reader would never think of her as the person to do work, but that thought changes as she misplaces what she thinks of as a valuable item. If Madame just learned how to live life in a way that will not make her upset and to value things that are valuable towards life instead of expenses, she will be better off. But this is how Madame views her life, while others take notice of the significance in their lives. Values are different towards people across the world, and Guy de Maupassant defines that in his short story, â€Å"The Necklace†.

Louise Brooks And The Flapper Era :: essays research papers fc

The flapper era was the time of the worship of youth (pandorasbox/flapper). Flappers were women of the Jazz Age. They had measurements of pre-adolescent boys, with no waistline, no bust, and no butt. Flappers had short hair worn no longer than chin length, called bobs. Their hair was often dyed and waved into flat, head-hugging curls and accessorized with wide, soft headbands. It was a new and most original style for women. A lot of make-up was worn by flappers that they even put on in public which was once unheard of and considered something done only by actresses and whores. Flappers wore short, straight dresses often covered with beads and fringes, and they were usually worn without pantyhose. Young flappers were known to be very rebellious against their parents, and society blamed their waywardness partially on the media, movies, and film stars like Louise Brooks (Szabo). Louise Brooks was a big part of the Jazz Age and had a lot of influence on the women of the 1920’s. Being a film star with a great, original personality she is known for being one of the most extraordinary women to set forth the Flapper era. Her sleek and smooth looks with her signature bob helped define the flapper look (pandorasbox/flapper).On November 14, 1906, in Cherryvale, Kansas, Mary Louise Brooks was born. She had two brothers, one sister, and parents, Leonard and Myra Brooks, who was a costume maker and pianist. In 1910, Brooks performed in her first stage role as Tom Thumb’s bride in a Cherryvale church benefit. Over the next few years she danced at men’s and women’s clubs, fairs, and various other gatherings in southeastern Kansas.At ten years old she was already a serious dancer and very much interested in it. In 1920, Brook’s family moved to Wichita, Kansas, and at 13 years old she began studying dance (pandorasbox/chron). Louise Brooks had a typical education and family life. She was very interested in reading and the arts, so in 1922 she traveled to New York City and joined the Denishawn Dance Company. This was the leading modern dance company in America at the time. In 1923, Brooks toured the United States and Canada with Denishawn by train and played a different town nearly every night, but one year later she leaves Denishawn and moves back to New York City. Not too long after her return, she gets a job as a chorus girl in the George White Scandals.

Death of Mrs. Mallard

Causes of Mrs. Mallards Death After reading Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour†, readers are left in wonder as to what ultimately resulted in the death of Mrs. Louise Mallard. While the very end suggests heart disease as the culprit, further analyzation of the story points towards a few other, deeper and slightly more complex causes. The first thing we learn about Mrs. Mallard is that she has heart trouble. This heart trouble turns is both mental and physical and is both within her body and the relationship with her husband, Brently Mallard. Her heart trouble is what makes the announcement of Brently’s death so threatening to her.Someone that has a weak heart would not be able to deal very well with such news. Therefore, the fact that Mrs. Mallard has heart problems proves to be a significant cause of her death. Another contributing factor in Mrs. Mallard’s death may have been the reporting of her husband’s death. Mrs. Mallard’s sister, Josephine, announces that Brently was killed in a train accident. Mrs. Mallard’s reaction is not the same as a normal woman’s would be â€Å"with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance†. Instead, she weeps immediately, afterwards retiring to her own room. The news of Brently’s death reveals to Mrs.Mallard her freedom from the oppression she probably experienced while married to Brently. The good intentions of Josephine might be another cause of Mrs. Mallard’s death. Josephine is the person who informs Louise of the bad news. Josephine tells Louise in broken sentences. Later, after Louise retires to her room, it is Josephine who is trying to check up on her, interrupting Louise’s realization and enjoyment of her newly found freedom. Together, they go downstairs, to Brently’s unexpected return and Louise’s death. The fact that Mrs. Mallard has heart trouble has an effect on the way that others have to treat her.Josephi ne’s awareness of her sister’s condition may have caused her to try and be as gentle as possible when informing Mrs. Mallard, but still contributed to breaking her unintentionally anyways. The emotional rollercoaster that Mrs. Mallard is thrown on is probably one of the bigger factors in her death. The news of her husband’s death is the first big drop on the ride. It is a huge shock to Mrs. Mallard. She grieves, but then retires to her room alone where she goes into deep thought. This is where she discovers that she is a free body and soul from marriage and her husband. Her newly found independence is forbidden to her initially.She tries hard to fight joy that came with her realization because she feels guilty. Then, she begins to embrace it. She is elated and exits her room with a new perspective on the matter. She comes downstairs to the return of her very not dead husband and is again shocked and faced with another huge drop. These high ups and low downs are emotionally tiring to Mrs. Mallard. They are not any help to the fact that she has a weak heart. The biggest cause of Mrs. Mallard’s death is when Brently returns. She has already come to terms with Brently’s death and is looking positively towards her new future as a free woman.She finds joy in this and Brently’s return rips her freedom away from her, resulting in her death from not joy itself, but rather the loss of joy from losing the freedom she was so fond of. There were many causes that went into Mrs. Louise Mallard’s death. Her heart condition, the news of her husband, Brently Mallard’s, death, her sister’s good intentions, the emotional rollercoaster, and her sudden loss of freedom all add up against Mrs. Mallard. In the end, Mrs. Mallard wasn’t strong enough to handle all of these ups and downs.

80s Music History Essay

MTV galloped through the ’80s as a factor of musical taste, style and fashion. During the early ’80s, the network helped introduce an entire stable of new music stars. For almost the entirety of the decade of the ’80s, MTV was a force to be reckoned with, serving as the music video headquarters for the pop music world. As such, monster ’80s artists like the Police, Michael Jackson and Bon Jovi gained great exposure to audiences through their constant appearances in the MTV rotation of videos. As the network gained popularity, it began to diversify programming, introducing a stable of music-themed shows. As the decade drew to a close, MTV began a gradual move away from music programming in favor of content geared toward reality TV and celebrity/pop culture. AIDS The history of HIV and AIDS in the USA began in 1981, when the United States of America became the first country to officially recognise a strange new illness among a small number of gay men. Today, it is generally accepted that the origin of AIDS probably lies in Africa. However, the USA was the first country to bring AIDS into the public consciousness and the American reaction undoubtedly contributed to the establishment of AIDS as one of the most politicised, feared and controversial diseases in the history of modern medicine – a reputation that stands today. Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson was an American recording artist, entertainer, actor and businessman. Often referred to as the â€Å"King of Pop†, or by his initials MJ,[2] Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His release of 1982 album â€Å"Thriller,† is still the best sold album of all time., See more:  The 3 Types of Satire Essay Madonna When you think about clothes in the 1980s the most popular style that comes to mind is Madonna. She wore layers of coats, skirts, and shirts, but best known for her accessories, such as hair bows and religious symbols in her jewelry, gloves, and necklaces. Although much of her success was derived from her image, many of her songs from the 80’s, such as â€Å"Holiday,† and â€Å"Lucky Star,† weaved their way into the fabric of 80s pop music turning her into a legend within her time. Prince Prince Rodgers Nelson, born June 7th, 1958, known by his stage name Prince was a pioneer of 80s glam and a champion for male heels. Valley Girls Started in the Sanfernando Valley a fluent teenage girls who ultimately defined 80s slang. Phrases that uniquely marked the 80s way of speaking such as â€Å"Barf me out,†, â€Å"gag me with a spoon,† â€Å"totally tubular,† â€Å"narly,† and â€Å"eat my shorts,†. Rubics Cube Invented by Hungarian scientist, Eron Rubic, it seemed like such a simple puzzle, yet the rubics cube mesmorized millions of people with its complexity. The rubics cube began one of the most popular toys of the 20th century and an icon of the 80s. Pac-man Arcade game developed by Namo, distributed in the US, beginning in 1980. Considered a classic in video games and is virtually synomonas in 1980s pop culture. Reguared as one of the most influential video games of all time John Lennon On December 12th, 1980 english musician and one of the founders of the Beatles, John lennon was assinated by Mark David Chapman in front of his new york apartment home. His message was one of unity, peace, and a better future for all, a message which many youth from the 1980s responded to. Berlin Wall â€Å"Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!† n June 12, 1987, President Ronald Reagan spoke the people of West Berlin at the base of the Brandenburg Gate, near the Berlin wall. Due to the amplification system being used, the President’s words could also be heard on the Eastern (Communist-controlled) side of the wall. The address Reagan delivered that day is considered by many to have affirmed the beginning of the end of the Cold War and the fall of communism. On Nov. 9-11, 1989, the people of a free Berlin tore down that wall. The tearing of the wall represting the reuniting of Germany. Cell Phones In the early 1980’s it became more popular to have a car phone. The costs were high. A car phone could cost between $200 and $1000 dollars plus installation. The phone plans in the 1980’s were not like they are today. You could get a 30 minute plan for $49 per month. Roaming was extra and long distance was through your long distance carrier. You would receive two bills per month.In the early 1980’s the first real â€Å"bag phones† started getting popular. It would cost about $250 for a cheap one and $800 for a really good one. The battery life was limited to about 1 hour and the bags were about the size of a midsized pocket book. The plans were the same as the car phones.The first â€Å"cell phones† were really large with a long antenna. In the mid 1980’s they were about $400. There were no discounts for signing up for a 1 or 2 year plan. CD Rom Audio CDs and audio CD players have been commercially available since October 1982. standard CDs have a diameter of 120 millimetres (4.7 in) and can hold up to 80 minutes of uncompressed audio or 700 MiB (actually about 703 MiB or 737 MB) of data. The Mini CD has various diameters ranging from 60 to 80 millimetres (2.4 to 3.1 in); they are sometimes used for CD singles, storing up to 24 minutes of audio or delivering device drivers.

Discuss the Role of the Supervisor in Organizational Planning

Course Title: Supervisory Management Submission Date: 22 October 2012 One Stop Production Company’s Report TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary of the Case3 Statement of the Problem4 Core Problem4 Satellite Problems6 Recommendations 16 Reasonable Assumptions19 Bibliography 20 Summary of the caseOne Stop Production is a garment manufacturer specializing in the production of school uniforms. Ms. Susan Holford shared the management of the business with her father Mr. Amos Holford over the past two years and will assume full responsibility for leadership of the company upon his retirement. She has a team of supervisors whose length of tenure with the business exceeds her own involvement with One Stop Production, and in general employees have performed the same functions from the business’ inception. The leadership styles of Susan and her father differ drastically.Motivated by her intention to manage the business in a different manner than her father, Susan is overwhelmed by the diffic ulties facing her – particularly the declining production and sales figures, and what she views as the refusal of the employees to improve production levels. This report outlines the challenges facing the business and its new manager Susan. It will first summarize the existing problems, and then establish specifically the core problem and satellite problems that exist; where necessary reasonable assumptions will be drawn and supported by evidence from the business.The report will then provide recommendations that will empower Susan, as leader, to chart the future course of the organization. This will be followed by a conclusion that unifies the various elements of the report. STATEMENT OF THE Problem Within different organizations one will find varying organizational structures and environments which contribute to the overall organizational culture. Entwined in here are the management and leadership styles, values and beliefs that exist within the organization.As this case an alysis was thoroughly investigated, we discovered that the One Stop Production Company had some major problems (Please refer to Exhibit 1. 0). After careful consideration and collaboration it has been established that the core problem which hinders the success of the company is â€Å"Ineffective Leadership and Organization Management†. Whilst the satellite problems include: ? Poor Organizational Structure ?Poor Management * No Clear Goals ?Ineffective Communication CORE PROBLEM Ineffective Leadership In this company, we will examine the leadership skills within the organisation.A leader’s role is to set the direction for establishing a clear vision by taking risks, sharing and communicating the vision with others so that they will follow willingly. It also includes motivating and inspiring staff by expanding energy through producing change, aligning contingencies by bringing everyone together and balancing the conflicting interests of all members or stakeholders. (www. businessdictionary. com) â€Å"The art of getting employees together on a common platform and extracting the best out of them refers to effective organisation management. † (www. managementstudyguide. com) SATELLITE PROBLEMSPoor Organisational Structure An organisational structure defines how job tasks are formally divided grouped and coordinated (Robbins & Judge 2010, p. 488). Within the One Stop Production Company the organizational structure was not clearly defined which often resulted in conflicts due to mixed instructions. Mr. Holford, although delegating the majority of functions and running of the operation to his supervisors, still constantly moved around giving random instructions to different employees regardless of department. Ms. Holford wants to restructure the organization having roles and job functions clearly defined.In addition she intends to appoint specific supervisors to specific departments which would define the levels of authority – Line or func tional; allowing both employees ad superiors to know who was responsible for what. Poor Management Management involves coordinating and overseeing the work activities of others so that their activities are completed efficiently and effectively (Robbins & Coulter p. 6). â€Å"Ms. Holford never found the time to pursue management because her father had left the management of all three areas of the organization largely up to her† Ms.Holford exhibits a type of autocratic style of management and does not trust the knowledge of the staff. This lack of trust has resulted in her inability to select specific supervisors to specific department. She has very good ideas and intentions for the organization however a lack of management training proves to be a major deficiency. She does not have the co-operation of the workers and as a result her suggestions are not acted on. Ms. Holford believes the selection of a manager to run things for her is imperative however she does not know how to go about this process.Ineffective Communication Communication is ‘the transfer and understanding of meaning. It serves four major functions within a group or organization; control, motivation, emotional expression and information. ’ As seen in this case the flow of communication serves one main purpose and that is control. Employees are made aware of Ms. Holford’s suggestions and intentions at meetings however there appears to be no facility for feedback or input from the employees. The lack of trust in the workers’ knowledge results in a ‘one way’ flow of communication. No Clear Goals / Targets The goals of the organization have not been clearly defined and relayed to the workers. The levels of production and sales which are being sought have not been laid out to the workers. RECOMMENDATIONS * Management and Leadership training for Ms. Susan Holford. This is very important so as to develop within her the skills which are necessary for her to manage the organization as well the workers. Leadership & Learning are indispensible to each other. It is known that effective Leaders are not always born but can be trained. Hire a Human Resources Manager – Human resource managers have a key role to play to help a company achieve its objectives and run effectively. HR managers assist employees with matters relating to their employment and  also help employees with questions regarding health insurance and other benefits. Hiring and firing employees are both important functions performed by the  human  resources department because there are certain procedures to be followed. However, a crucial  role  of  human  resources  is to work closely with upper management as well as the staff to ensure positive company relations at all times. To assist with the hiring of the Human Resources Manager, we have attached the following document. Please see Exhibit 2. 1, 2. 2, 2. 3 and 2. 4) * Implement a five year strategic p lan – This should include the Goal setting  theory which involves establishing  specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely   (S. M. A. R. T  )   objectives. Work on the theory of goal-setting suggests that it's an effective tool for making progress by ensuring that participants in a group with a common goal are clearly aware of what is expected from them if an objective is to be achieved. Delegation of work – A General Manager should be chosen with the overall responsible for the day to running and they would report directly to Ms. Holford. In addition specific supervisors for the various departments should be put in place to oversee the running of those departments. Training should also be organized for all supervisors. The supervisors are a direct link between management and the workers. (Please refer to Exhibit 3. 0). * Communication has to become a ‘two way’ process and allow for feedback from the workers. Ms.Holford must spend ti me with key supervisors and staff and learn the business, while also truly learn about the staff. She should form a committee of Management from among the key stakeholders in the Company. The Supervisors should be able to communicate any new production and sales targets to their teams directly. * Goals / Targets – Production and Sales targets should be set and the targets should be known to all members of staff. The overall goals of the company should be clearly stated and ensure that the operation of each department coincides with the overall goals of the organization.Sales records for the past five years should be analyzed so as to pick up on trends and a comparison done with a company in a similar market. For instance sales maybe tied in to the start of the school year where for obvious reasons they will be at their highest. This research would aid in the setting of the targets and goals and also identify reasons for drops in sales at particular times. * Production Levels – The workers have been doing the same jobs since inception.New technology may be available to increase the efficiency of some processes and the training of workers in the use of new technology or processes to increase productivity and overall job efficiency. * Staff Morale – Despite receiving annual wage increases the employees still appear unhappy and are unwilling to improve production. Ms. Holford should pay attention to what the needs of the workers are. Look at improving the working environment, staff relations. Incentive schemes can be devised to encourage workers to produce more and build up their morale. CONCLUSIONThe members of our group believe that after thoroughly analyzing the main issues of the company, and implementation of the recommendations stated would improve the daily operations and production at the One Stop Production. However it should be noted that these recommendations have to be implemented overtime and the changing process should be a gradu al one as from the case it appears that the employees are very resistant to sudden change. It should be gradually incorporated into the activities and employees should be clearly shown the importance of it to the company and also the benefits that can be reaped through their assistance.BIBLOGRAPHY Kotter, John P. John P Kotter on what leaders really do: Harvard Business Press, 1999 Robbins, SP. ; Coulter, M. Management. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. , 2007 Robbins, SP. ;Judge, TA. Organisational Behavior Thirteen ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2008 Robbins, Stephen P. and Judge, Timothy A. Organisational Behaviour. New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc, 2009 Mullins, Laurie J, Management and Organisational Behaviour 8th Ed, p. 382 www. businessdictionary. com Barbados Institute of Management and Productivity – Course Manual 2012

Security vs. Privacy essays

Security vs. Privacy essays Security verses Privacy: How much do we need to be watched? You walk out of your house, get into your car, and drive down the street towards some unknown destination. However by leaving your house, someone sees you. They keep track of every move you make. This person already knows where you live and what kind of car you drive. When you make a left turn, the person finds out your name because you yell out the window to your friend. You go downtown and drive through the ATM. Guess what? The person following you now has your pin number and knows what bank your money is in. Your next stop is the post office where you go inside to get your mail. Right behind you, watching to see your post office box number, is the same person. They stand just close enough to watch you flip through your mail and to see where every letter came from and to see which letters you put in the out box. Are you feeling a little worried yet? Do you want this person to leave you alone? Do you know this is all legal? Leaving your house or getting on the internet is not secure or private. Internet-Service Providers can keep a record of the sites you visit, every move you make on-line. Web sites use cookies to follow people around the internet. They use them to see what sites people are visiting and to see what people are downloading. Every time you use your credit card on-line you can never be sure if it will be secure or if someone will be able to access it (Cohen 34). I used the example of the post office before for a specific reason. Electronic mail, commonly referred to as e-mail, is equivalent to someones post office box. According to the New York Times, the government may get into our e-mail to read subject lines of sent and received mail. They may do this without having to show probable cause to a judge. The government must only show that the information may have relevance to an ongoing case (Guernsey 1...

Life and Work of Jenny Holzer, Artist of Text-Based Truisms

Life and Work of Jenny Holzer, Artist of Text-Based Truisms Jenny Holzer is an American artist and political activist. Best known for her series of Truisms, text-based art exhibited in public spaces in the form of plainly worded statements written in bold, her work ranges in content from the neutral to the political. As both an exhibitor in public and private spaces, Holzer is keenly aware of the effects of her work on both the intentional and the casual passerby. She is inspired by reading, world events, and the contexts of her own life, though she seeks to be â€Å"out of view and out of earshot† in order to lend her work a voice of truth and trustworthiness. Fast Facts: Jenny Holzer Occupation: ArtistBorn:  July 29, 1950 in Gallipolis, OhioEducation: Duke University (no degree), University of Chicago (no degree), Ohio University (BFA), Rhode Island School of Design (MFA)Selected Works: Truisms (1977–79), Inflammatory Essays (1979–1982)Key Accomplishments: Golden Lion for Best Pavilion at the Venice Biennale (1990); member of the American Academy of Arts and LettersSpouse:  Mike Glier (m. 1983) Early Life and Education Jenny Holzer was born in Gallipolis, Ohio, where she grew up the oldest of three children. Her mother was an active participant in the community and her father was a car salesman. Holzer’s upbringing was rooted in Midwestern traditionalism, an attitude from which she believes the frankness in her art derives. â€Å"They want to get things done so they do it in the most expeditious way,† she has said of her fellow Midwesterners. â€Å"Expeditious as in fast and right.† It is perhaps for this reason that  her work is so often reproduced, as its split second appeal is derived from its keen ability to distill truths about our culture into digestible phrases. As a teenager, Holzer moved to Florida to attend Pine Crest Preparatory in Boca Raton before enrolling at Duke University for college. Holzer’s next few years were itinerant, seeing her leave Duke to enroll at the University of Chicago and then at Ohio University in Athens, where she received her BFA in Painting and Printmaking. Holzer would go on to receive her MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design in Providence. She married fellow RISD student Mike Glier in 1983 and had her daughter Lili in 1988. Early Artwork Holzer did not arrive at using text as the base of her artistic career without a few detours along the way. She began her life as an artist as an abstract painter, inspired by many of the great painters of Abstract Expressionism. By her own admission, she was only a decent third generation American abstract painter, as she felt that there was a more relevant way to communicate the fast-paced media culture that was on the rise in the late 70s and early 80s. Motivated by the conviction that her work ought to include discernible content (rather than the formal content of abstraction), but feeling the genre of social realism to be increasingly of the past, Holzer began placing words in her work, often in the form of found objects such as scraps of newspaper and other clippings. It was at this point that she began placing her work in public spaces to test their effect on passers-by. The realization that art could engage people who did not intend to see it, moving them to think or even provoking them to argue, motivated her to pursue text-based work. Truisms and Inflammatory Essays In her last year as an MFA student at RISD, Holzer rethought the inclusion of words in her work by using her own. She wrote a selection of one liners which were meant to distill truths encountered almost daily in Western civilization, which she then assembled into a series of posters. Though the phrasing of these posters was original, she sought to tap into universal sentiments that would seem familiar as ideas. â€Å"I want them to be accessible,† she said, â€Å"but not so easy that you throw them away after a second or two. Among these statements are phrases like â€Å"ABUSE OF POWER COMES AS NO SURPRISE,† â€Å"PROTECT ME FROM WHAT I WANT,† and â€Å"MONEY MAKES TASTE.† The Truisms, as they are known, have been posted in various locations throughout the world and have been translated into several languages. From Holzers Survivor Series.   Getty Images Thinking the Truisms too bland, Holzer began a series of political works also printed on posters in capital letters, which she called the Inflammatory Essays. With the allotment of a paragraph per poster, Holzer was able to dive into more complex ideas and explore more controversial topics. Art, Technology, and Public Space Holzer’s work has always been intertwined with technology, and in 1992 she began using LED signs for a project commissioned by the Public Art Fund for Times Square. Enthralled by their ability to display text in motion, she continued using the signs as they lent her words a neutral authority that the posters could not, as posters carried with them the connotation of anarchist protests. Since 1996, Holzer has worked with light based projections as installations, using the facades of monumental buildings as the canvas onto which she projects scrolling text. Holzer’s use of the institution as the base upon which her work rests has been the inspiration for numerous political protests since Holzer developed the method. Though Holzer’s work is largely concerned with text, its visual expression is a key element of her work. From the deliberate eye catching colors of the Inflammatory Essays laid out in grids to the speed and font of her scrolling texts, Holzer is a visual artist who has found her voice in words, an artistic medium she found best expressed her views on the culture of media in which she came of age. The material of these signs- whether they be LED lights of the carved stone of her Sarcophagi series- is equally as important as their verbal content. Jenny Holzers light projections on the faà §ade of 30 Rockefeller Plaza.   Getty Images Holzer’s work centers around text and its placement in public spaces. Using billboards, jumbotrons, lighted signs, and walls, Holzer uses city streets and areas of public interaction as her canvas. She is interested in the ability of public art to provoke a reaction and perhaps start a conversation. Not all Holzer’s work is staged outdoors, and when she does exhibit in gallery spaces, she is equally deliberate with their curation as she is when planning work publicly. As she is conscious of the museum goers slowed pace, she takes the opportunity to construct more complex interactions among her works, often juxtaposing different mediums. Reception and Legacy Holzer’s work has been presented in countless exhibitions and retrospectives across the world. She has won numerous prizes, including the Golden Lion for Best Pavilion at the 1990 Venice Biennale (where she represented the United States), and has been honored by the French Government with a diploma of Chevalier from the Order of Arts and Letters. In 2018, she was selected as a member of the American Academy of Arts and Letters, one of 250 living members. Sources Art 21 (2009). Jenny Holzer: Writing Difficulty. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?vCxrxnPLmqEsKort, C. and Sonneborn, L. (2002).  A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 98-100.Waldman, D. Jenny Holzer. (1989). New York: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation in association with Henry N. Abrams.Tate (2018). Jenny Holzers Inflammatory Essays: Why I Love. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?vONIUXi84YCc

Names and Dates of Spartan Kings

Names and Dates of Spartan Kings The ancient Greek city of Sparta was ruled by two kings, one from each of the two founding families, Agaidai and Eurypontidae. Spartan kings inherited their  roles, a job filled by the leader of each family. Although not much is known about the kings - note how few of the kings listed below even have regnal dates - ancient historians have pieced together general information about how the government worked. Spartan Monarchical Structure Sparta was a constitutional monarchy, made up of the kings, advised by and (supposedly) controlled by a college of ephors; a council of elders called the Gerousia; and an assembly, known as the Apella or Ecclesia. There were five ephors who were elected annually and swore fealty to Sparta rather than the kings. They were there to  call up the army and receive foreign envoys. The Gerousia was a council made up of men who were over the age of 60; they made decisions in criminal cases. The Ecclesia was made up of every Spartan male full citizen who had attained his 30th birthday; it was led by the ephors and they  supposedly made decisions on when to go to war and who would be the commander in chief.   Dual Kings   Having two kings share power was fairly common in several Bronze Age Indo-European societies; they shared power but had different roles. Like Mycenaean kings in Greece, the Spartans had a political leader (the Eurypontidae kings) and a war leader (the Agaidai kings). Priests were people outside of the regnal pair and neither of the kings was considered sacred - although they could enable contact with the gods, they were never interpreters. They were involved in certain religious or cultic activities, members of the priesthood of Zeus Lacedaemon (a cult group based honoring the mythical king of Laconia) and Zeus Ouranos (Uranus, the primal sky god).   The Spartan kings werent believed to be supernaturally strong or sacred, either. Their role in Spartan life was shouldering certain magisterial and juridical responsibilities. Although this made them relatively weak kings and there was always input from the other pieces of the government on most of the decisions they made, most of the kings were fierce and acted independently most of the time. Remarkable examples of this include the famed first  Leonidas  (ruled 490–480 BCE for the house of Agaidai), who traced his ancestry to Hercules and was featured in the movie 300. Names Dates of the Kings of Sparta House of Agaidai House of Eurypontidai Agis 1 Echestratos Eurypon Leobotas Prytanis Dorrusas Polydectes Agesilaus I Eunomos Archilaus Charillos Teleklos Nikandros Alkamenes Theopompos Polydoros Anaxandridas I Eurykrates Archidamos I Anaxandros Anaxilas Eurykratidas Leotychidas Leon 590-560 Hippocratides 600–575 Anaxandrides II 560–520 Agasicles 575–550 Cleomenes 520–490 Ariston 550–515 Leonidas 490–480 Demaratus 515–491 Pleistrachus 480–459 Leotychides II 491–469 Pausanias 409–395 Agis II 427–399 Agesipolis I 395–380 Agesilaus 399–360 Cleombrotos 380–371 Agesipolis II 371–370 Cleomenes II 370–309 Archidamos II 360–338 Agis III 338–331 Eudamidas I 331– ? Araios I 309–265 Archidamos IV Akrotatos 265–255? Eudamidas II Araios II 255/4–247? Agis IV ?–243 Leonidas 247?–244;243–235 Archidamos V ?–227 Kleombrotos 244–243 [interregnum] 227–219 Kleomenes III 235–219 Lykurgos 219– ? Agesipolis 219– Pelops(Machanidas regent) ?–207 Pelops(Nabis regent) 207–? Nabis ?–192 Sources Chronology of Monarchical Rule (from the now-defunct Herodotus website)Adams, John P. â€Å"The kings of Sparta.†Ã‚  California State University, Northridge.  Ã‚  Lyle, Emily B. Dumezils Three Functions and Indo-European Cosmic Structure. History of Religions 22.1 (1982): 25-44. Print.Miller, Dean A. The Spartan Kingship: Some Extended Notes on Complex Duality. Arethusa 31.1 (1998): 1-17. Print.Parke, H. W. The Deposing of Spartan Kings. The Classical Quarterly 39.3/4 (1945): 106-12. Print.Thomas, C. G. On the Role of the Spartan Kings. Historia: Zeitschrift fà ¼r Alte Geschichte 23.3 (1974): 257-70. Print.

The eNotes Blog 10 Websites for Students Seeking SummerInternships

10 Websites for Students Seeking SummerInternships There comes a time in every student’s academic career when internships become highly encouraged, perhaps even required. They’re a great way to learn about an industry, gain valuable work experience, and develop personal skills. In fact, studies show many Fortune-500 companies retain over 80% of their interns as entry-level hires. Summer is peak internship season, but don’t feel discouraged if you haven’t found anything yet. There’s still time to find an internship that’s right for you. Lets look at ten websites to help make the internship search a little less stressful- now and all year long! 1.  WayUp.com Designed for early career professionals, WayUp makes finding your internship match a breeze. After creating a profile, you can see pages of internship opportunities that have been specifically selected for you based on how well you match the employers’ qualifications. The filtered results ensure that your skill set fits the bill of your potential employer, so no more tirelessly scrolling through positions that require years of experience you may not currently possess. 2. Idealist.com If you’re interested in working in the nonprofit sector, this is the ideal (wink, wink) website. Idealist ensures that the opportunities presented are personalized based on your industry of interest and strongest skills. Not ready to commit to an internship? Check out their volunteer opportunities or their various urban social groups to get involved with a community or program you may want to pursue in the future. 3. MonsterCollege For over 20 years, Monster.com continues to be one of the leading job searching websites. MonsterCollege specifically helps students and recent grads prepare for life after college. From resume advice to dressing for success, they cover everything you’d want to know before venturing into the working world. The site is interactive, informative, and provides an abundance of insight into strategies for success. 4. LinkedIn Sometimes, finding an internship is all about who you know. LinkedIn helps you directly connect with employers, recruiters, and people you’ve already met. It’s like the Facebook for job hunting- except you don’t have to deal with any obnoxious memes clogging your news feed. You can customize your profile to reflect your skills, ideas, and career ambitions. One of the best features on LinkedIn is its â€Å"Easy Apply† button; all you have to do is click the button and LinkedIn sends employers your resume and phone number. If they think you’re a good fit, they’ll reach out to you. 5. GoAbroad.com Who says you have to look for an internship near home? Feed your wanderlust and build your resume with meaningful travel. GoAbroad features hundreds of internship opportunities among dozens of different countries. The â€Å"Help Me Pick a Program† feature assists in narrowing down the search by focusing on your travel goals and desired timeline. You can even go abroad and earn a couple college credits while fulfilling your internship duties. All of this while maximizing adventure?! It sounds like a pretty incredible plan to me. 6. Glassdoor for Students Glassdoor for Students is a section of Glassdoor.com dedicated to helping students find work. You can compare salaries, reviews, benefits, interview questions, and employee satisfaction to other companies within the same field. The best part about Glassdoor for Students is its unlimited access to all of these perks just by signing up with your school email address. What’s better than getting the inside scoop from the people who’ve actually worked there? If you’re lucky, you may even receive a few interview questions to help you prep for your big day. 7. InternQueen.com Intern Queen was founded back in 2009 after its creator recognized the need for a more personalized way for young people to connect with career and internship opportunities. The website offers year-round internship opportunities for on-site and remote programs. They also maintain a strong social-media presence that’ll keep you in the loop if any special programs arise. 8. CollegeRecruiter.com College Recruiters help students and recent grads find seasonal jobs, internships, and entry-level work. Their custom search database is easy to navigate and offers filters to help you find the perfect fit. They also have articles, blogs, and videos to help individuals along the way with their search. They even provide a free resume critique where their writing experts confidentially review and provide feedback on your resumes and other employment correspondences. 9. SummerInternships.com   Don’t let the name fool you! Summer Internships offers internship opportunities year-round. Sponsored by Dream Careers, this site offers programs in eleven major cities, including London and Paris. With over 25 different industries to choose from, you just may find your dream career. Its custom internship placement has helped over 17,000 students find their perfect programs for over 17 years. 10. Your School’s Recruitment Portal / Handshake Be sure not to overlook your school’s recruitment portal. Aside from the career services on campus, many school websites offer a portal for students to connect with alumni and other recruiters. Many schools are now pairing up with Handshake, a growing, early-talent network. Handshake aims to bridge the opportunity gap that students face when trying to build careers. They’ve united over 9-million students and young alumni with over 250,000 employers on one network. Bonus Tip!: Make Personal Connections Networking is a great way to build relationships and obtain credible advice from those working on the inside. Create a list of places where you’d want to work and try to connect with someone in the industry. Whether you chat over a cup of coffee or shadow someone on a work day, anything you can do to express interest and get your foot in the door is beneficial. There’s no need to feel intimidated or nervous about reaching out to someone; the people you’re trying to contact probably have been in a very similar position. Ultimately, you have nothing to lose! Your efforts will be welcomed and respected. Wherever your search may take you, remember that there are plenty of resources to help match you with the right internship.

A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Essays

A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Essays A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Paper A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever Paper A Decade of Organizational Change at Unilever A DECADE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE AT UNILEVER 7 November 2012 Originally founded in 1872, and incorporated in 1929, Unilever was facing a difficult time when upon their discovery that the organizational architechture and strategy they were employing was not benefiting the company. The company was under a decentralized structure for generations. o Managers looking for a change o The decision was to go global It was mid-1990 and initial changes were made with minmal results. Managers tried again and rebuilt the company from the inside out Between 1990-1996 Unilever introduced the concept based on regional business groups o The groups and divisions coordinated activities in the regions It is now the year 2000 a slight change was apparent; however, the company was still behind their competitors. Again, management decides change is warranted o Unilever decides change the number of brands form 1600 to 400 o Reduce th e number of manufacturing plants from 380 to 280 o Management wants all of this completed by the year 2004 It is extremely difficult to change. The process is compounded when you are a ultinational business trying to reshape your thumbprint. That in itself can take years Unilever managed to change and they no doubt are yet continuing to perfect Change while yet simple to say is one of the most difficult processes to perform. It takes proper timing if known, and having the best tools to make it happen. When you are a large multinational firm, the task will have challenges. While it took some effort to complete, Unilever, historically one of manufacturings oldest multinational firms was facing a reoganizational change that reshaped them for the challenges of the 1st century. Orginally incorporated in 1929, Unilevers beginnings were in 1872 when two Dutch firms began commercially producing margarine. Unilever has operated for decades with an organizational structure that had apparently been working for them. A decentralized structure had been in place for generations. There were suttle indicators that this may be a good time to consider a new strategy for the company. Unilever realized that by the mid-1990s that the decentralized structure had cost the company profits and that they were behind their competition. Management decided on an organizational change in an effort to move the company in a positive direction. Unilever decided it wanted to try to go global. It was evident that the decentralized structure was failing Unilever; however, the process had been with the company for so many generations it appeared they didnt quite know how to move forward. There was a false start where they tried to pull out of the market slump; and, they were still behind the competition. By this time about five years had lapsed. What they failed to understand was that a complete rebuilding f the organzational architechture, as they were trying to do include everything from the inside out and it will take some time. This included the formal organizational structure, control systems and incentives, processes, organizational culture, and people. The move toward globalization was presenting a challenge to Unilever managers; however, the competition was ahead and Unilever was trying to improve their position in the market. They had to get better leverage for themselves. Realm begins to take place. Between Unilever introduced a new structure based on regional business groups that included a number of divisions hat focused on specific products. The groups and divisions coordinated activities in the regions and helped to drive down costs. Even though Unilever implimented changes it was the now the year 2000 and the company was still behind its competition. There is still room for more changes. This time, the decision was to trim down a sizable number of brands from 1600 to 400 and reduce the number of manufacturing plants from 380 to 280 all of this to be done by attrition by the year 2004. When they created the divisions, they created two global divisions, a product division, food division, and a home personal care division. Within each division are a number of regional business groups that does the developing, marketing etc. Unilever has divisions in Europe, North America, Latin America, and Asia. To conclude, while over a decade, Unilever took patience and due diligence to pefect a business system that was best suited to change their Organizational Architechture, and one would like to think that they are ever evovling in their processes. This will keep them positioned as they forge the challenges of the 21st century

Future Tenses Review Quiz for ESL

Future Tenses Review Quiz for ESL This quiz reviews future forms including: Future simple - Used for predictions, spontaneous reactions and promisesFuture with going to - Used for plans events and things you see are about to occurFuture perfect - Used for what will have been completed by a future moment in timeFuture continuous - Used for what will be happening at a specific moment in time in the futurePresent continuous for the future - Used for scheduled events in the future Future Forms Quiz Choose the correct future form in brackets and type it into the box. Click on the button to check your answer. Peter knows that he (will / is going to) fly to Chicago next week.Oh no! Ive broken the vase. What (am I going to say / will I say)?Jack (is having / will have) a dinner party next Saturday.By the time you arrive, Ill (have been / be) working for two hours.John hasnt eaten. - Dont worry (I will make / I am going to make) him a sandwich.Well go out for dinner when he (gets in / will get in).Unless he arrives soon, we (will not go/ are not going) to the party.(I will be studying / I will have studied) at 9 tomorrow evening.(We will have finished / We will finish) by 9 oclock.Look at those clouds! It (is going to rain / will rain)! Quiz Answers Peter knows that he is going to fly to Chicago next week. -  Use the future with going to to express future plans.  Oh no! Ive broken the vase. What will I say? -  Use the future with will when reacting to something that happens at the time of speaking.  Jack is having a dinner party next Saturday. -  Its possible to use the present continuous when speaking about scheduled events in the future.  By the time you arrive, Ill have been working for two hours. -  Use the future perfect to state what will have been finished before a time in the future.John hasnt eaten. - Dont worry I will make him a sandwich. -  Use the future with will to react to a present situation.  Well usually  go out for dinner when he gets in. -  Use the future with will when using when in the same sense as if.  Unless he arrives soon, we will not go to the party. -  Use the future with will in real conditional (first conditional) sentences.  I will be studying at nine tomorrow evening. -  Use the future continuous to express what will be happening at a specific moment in the future.   We will have finished by nine oclock. -  Use the future perfect to express something that will be completed by a specific time in the future.  Look at those clouds! It is going to rain! -  Ã‚  Use the future with going to when you can see that something is about to happen.   If youve had difficulty understanding the reasons for these forms, make sure to review future forms and then take the quiz again.

Internationalization of Financial Markets Essay - 1

Internationalization of Financial Markets - Essay Example People adopt all these strategies to reduce the risk and allocate the resources in a strategic manner. Â  During the last 20 years, internationalization of financial markets has developed at a very swift pace. This took place due to the amalgamation of goods market leading to the presence of multinational corporations. Imports and exports volumes have increased largely leading to increasing in international transactions. All these elements have increased their presence internationally but the growth of internationalization of financial markets has gone beyond the adjustment of trade. Along with this growth, banks’ existence has also increased internationally with many new branches in new countries to satisfy the needs of customers working for multinational organizations (Horne, 1990). Â  The reason that banks have different packages for different countries is that people have different needs and trends. Some countries might have the trend of saving more and some might have investment trend depending on the current situation of the country. If there is inflation in the country, demand is high but supply is very low because the purchasing power of consumers has increased but output has not increased at the same pace. The government will increase the interest rate so that instead of spending the money people save the money and do not demand much (Welch & Liostarinen, 1993). During this period, foreigners will start saving their money in those countries’ banks. Similarly, when there is deflation in any country government will decrease the rate of interest so that people invest more to stimulate the production and prices. Â  Moreover, different countries confront different kind of natural calamities and other destructions. Insurance companies have great significance in these kinds of countries, they collect premium from people periodically and invest this money in different projects.

In the light of this comment, consider the legal and political Essay

In the light of this comment, consider the legal and political relationship between the EU and NATO - Essay Example This may outdate the need for NATO as an alliance, rather a straight-forward agreement between North America and the EU as a whole. Therefore the first section will illustrate and examine the security problems and how they cause problems for the EU to fight organized crime and terrorism, asking whether NATO is outdated. The second section will then deal with how the EU combats terrorism amd organized crime and considers whether it will ever be successful. Finally, this section will consider the problems that terrorism pose to the EU's and whether its relationship with NATO is an integral part to security and intelligence considerations in this area and its importance of success. This joint NATO and EU effort was seen as a highly successful strategy in the fight against the Taliban by the freezing of Afghani bank accounts, also illegal workers have been stopped by the EU Directive governing the ability to work, i.e. the need to show appropriate ID to show entitlement to work within th e EU.2 The EU has seen increased problems with organized crime which comes from the opening of borders and promoting a union of states. This problem has intensified since the enlargement of the EU because a lot of the post-communist nations have had over 10 years to promote organized crime. In addition there is the added problems that the events of September 11th 2001 and have caused in respect to Islamic organized crime groups funding terrorist attacks. Therefore organized crime is no longer a domestic crime problem for the EU in respect to financial and service trafficking but is threatening the military security of the EU and the individual nations within. Therefore it is important that this section dealing with security focuses on the problems of enlargement, especially in respect to the Eastern European ascending nations and Cyprus which may cause instability in respect to Islamic terrorist and organized crime groups. This means that a secured security force and relations with NATO ma y be important in the area of intelligence and terrorist threats.3 Enlargement of the EU: Enlargement of the EU is a mixed blessing, because on one hand it is helping to achieve a status of stability and cohesiveness throughout the region. On the other hand, there are concerns that in making the Union larger will in fact de-stabilize the region making it harder for the EU to ensure security and this increase the difficulties for the EU to fight crime, especially organized crime.4 This is due to prejudice of certain groups which would have free access in the region, one such group are the Roma Gypsy migrants from Slovakia. In the past few months the newspapers have displayed the concerns of the British public and politicians about these migrants when the nation joins the EU. Therefore this introduces the question whether the EU really respects the integrity of cultural difference Other problems include the possible de-stabilizing of the economy by incorporating smaller,

Excel Analysis of Amazon and Ebay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Excel Analysis of Amazon and Ebay - Assignment Example Therefore, the study has provided computation ratios for the two companies as indicated in the two attached spread sheet files attached as well as a summary of ratios. AMAZON FINANCIAL RATIOS Fins AS Version 2008010211 Ratios - ending Company: Amazon.com Analyst: Nanyail Smoke Most Recent Year Available: 2012 Years Available for: Income Statement (1-5) 5 Balance Sheet (1-5) 5 * EOY values instead of averages - - - - - - Liquidity 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Days' Sales in Receivables 20.10 19.52 16.94 14.71 15.75 * Accounts Receivable Turnover 18.16 18.70 21.55 24.81 23.18 * A/R Turnover in Days 20.10 19.52 16.94 14.71 15.75 Days' Sales in Inventory 47.88 48.87 44.00 41.75 34.28 * Inventory Turnover 7.62 7.47 8.30 8.74 10.65 * Inventory Turnover in Days 47.88 48.87 44.00 41.75 34.28 * Operating Cycle 67.98 68.38 60.94 56.47 50.03 Working Capital 2,294 2,594 3,375 2,361 1,330 Current Ratio 1.12 1.17 1.33 1.32 1.28 Acid Test 0.78 0.82 1.00 0.99 0.94 Cash Ratio 0.60 0.64 0.84 0 .86 0.79 * Sales to Working Capital 26.63 18.53 10.13 10.38 14.41 Cash Flow/Cur. Mat. of Debt & NP #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! - - - - - - long-term debt-paying ability 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Times Interest Earned 4.39 11.75 51.20 35.15 13.69 Fixed Charge Coverage 3.52 11.75 51.20 35.15 13.69 Debt Ratio 74.84% 69.31% 63.48% 62.27% 68.53% Debt/Equity 297.40% 225.87% #DIV/0! 162.75% 211.15% Debt to Tangible Net Worth 431.97% 301.98% -884.58% 212.68% 252.55% Cash Flow/Total Debt 17.16% 22.28% 29.29% 38.48% 28.48% - - - - - - Profitability 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Net Profit Margin 0.19% 1.34% 3.35% 3.70% 3.41% * Total Asset Turnover 1.88 1.90 1.82 1.78 2.33 * Return on Assets 0.36% 2.54% 6.09% 6.61% 7.94% Operating Income Margin 1.11% 1.79% 4.11% 4.61% 4.39% * Operating Asset Turnover 2.04 2.06 1.96 1.96 2.51 * Return on Operating Assets 2.26% 3.70% 8.07% 9.04% 11.01% * Sales to Fixed Assets 8.65 10.88 14.17 19.00 22.44 * Return on Investment 1.53% 6.82% 62.11% 11.23% 20.32% * Return on Total Equity #N/A 8.13% #DIV/0! 17.16% 24.14% * Return on Common Equity #N/A 8.13% #DIV/0! 17.16% 24.14% Gross Profit Margin 24.75% 22.44% 22.35% 22.57% 22.28% - - - - - - Investor Analysis 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Degree of Financial Leverage 1.17 1.07 1.03 1.03 1.08 Earnings per Share - - - - - Price/Earnings Ratio #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Percentage of Earnings Retained #N/A 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Dividend Payout #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Dividend Yield #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Book Value per Share 18.04 17.05 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Materiality of Options #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Oper. Cash Flow per Share 9.22 8.47 7.66 7.45 3.72 Oper. Cash Flow/Cash Dividends #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Year-end Market Price 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 EBAY FINANCIAL RATIOS Fins AS Version 2008010211 Ratios - ending Company: Amazon.com Analyst: Nanyail Smoke Most Rece nt Year Available: 2012 Years Available for: Income Statement (1-5) 5 Balance Sheet (1-5) 5 * EOY values instead of averages - - - - - - Liquidity 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Days' Sales in Receivables 87.26 80.54 63.27 14.71 15.75 * Accounts Receivable Turnover 4.18 4.53 5.77 24.81 23.18 * A/R Turnover in Days 87.26 80.54 63.27 14.71 15.75 Days' Sales in Inventory 522.13 526.46 455.82 41.75 34.28 * Inventory Turnover 0.70 0.69 0.80

International Human Resource Mnaagemnt - Examination Essay

International Human Resource Mnaagemnt - Examination - Essay Example Moreover an important factor which causes low productivity of labor in developing nations is because they suffer from low motivation. The concept of motivation is linked to capacity and must be addressed and analyzed in all capacity levels, i.e., individual level, organization and enabling environment. Measures of incentives, like salaries, intangible rewards, secondary benefits, recognitions and sanctions are some of the conventional ways of motivating employees for increasing their performance (UNDP, 2006, p.5). Because developing nations are characterized by high supply of labor and excess competition in the labor market, an incentive system based on performance generally results in improved performance on the part of the employees through instigating motivation. Because of the high rates of unemployment in the nations, even the slightest of incentives results in employees delivering the best of their capacities to perform their jobs. In such a condition it is recommended that mul tinational organizations having subsidiaries in the developing nations incorporate incentive based system of pay for motivating employees and recognizing their efforts. There are certain cultural aspects that are common among developing nations. They are seen to demonstrate high collectivism which shows their affinity to remain and operate in groups. There is high degree of integration among the people in society which reflects through the organizations as well. Organizations can employ team work and group activities which employees are more comfortable with. However, such team activities generally undermine the individual efforts which might go unrecognized. This is the reason why an incentive based pay system must be incorporated in organizations in developing nations. Along with the group performance, such a pay system helps to recognize individual performance as well, such as none of the individual efforts go unrecognized. Also the intangible incentives like rewards; recognition plays a major role in motivating the employees. Since remuneration remains low in developing nations, cash awards are given major value in these nations. Some of the non financial incentives like rewards, gifts and travel also provide added stimulus to the motivation level of employees in developing nations. Some of the less tangible incentives which work for the developing nations are independence of working, work flexibility, career advancement possibilities, work recognition etc. Also an incentive necessarily means that the fixed salary of the employee is not dependant on the performance of employees. This provides a sense of security for the employees who can then perform their jobs without anxieties. It is important that a certain amount of the employees’ remuneration must be independent of performance while the remaining part can be performance based. This is especially applicable for the developing nations where the remuneration of employees generally remains low (Jai n & Narayan, 2010, p.7). Question 3: Analyze the ethical dilemmas associated with human resources management in developing countries. Answer: Because of the volatile and fluctuating economic and political conditions in the developing nation’s organizations face difficulty in making long term plans. Also there are state dependencies with regards to policy and financial issues. Also there are frequent changes in government rules and regulations because of which multinational organizations are confronted with

Analisis de La multitud errante de Laura Restrepo Essay

Analisis de La multitud errante de Laura Restrepo - Essay Example Sin embargo, no se sabe muy bien los detalles de su historia, o su motivacià ³n para encontrar a su otra que el hecho de que sabemos que Tres Sietes realmente amaba a Matilde Lina. Tres Sietes dice que el mundo "sabe" como su amor perdido, Matilde Lina. Es de esta manera que Tres Sietes lamenta el hecho de que se ha perdido su amor. El narrador intenta entrar en su mundo, sin à ©xito. Se trata de detener el dolor, pero nada de lo que se parece ayudar. Hay un problema mà ¡s grande que amenaza a la historia, sin embargo. Tres Sietes es un hombre, y es, obviamente, este hecho que impide un flujo claro de comunicacià ³n entre el narrador y Tres Sietes. En un dià ¡logo entre un hombre y una mujer, "El problema mà ¡s grande es la falla de una o racionalizado pà ºblica lenguaje masculinizado ... el que se separa en las representaciones culturales de la voz privada ... Una dialà ³gica feminista traerà ­a estas dos lenguas en un dià ¡logo." ... Sin embargo, por necesidad de un hombre, ella se esta definiendo a traves de esa persona. En lugar de inspirar en ella un espiritu independiente, que esta dependiendo de un hombre para hacerse cumplir. La idea de que La Multitud Errante pretende es que uno no necesariamente deben depender de alguien mas para uno de los medios de subsistencia, ya sea hombre o mujer--pero sobre lo todo, que una mujer depende de un hombre. Si bien es normal que una mujer desea ajustarse a un molde determinado en un sentido social, es dificil de romper la cadena de continuar en el camino de sus predecesores. Por supuesto, no todas las mujeres es liberada. No todas las mujeres pueden encontrarse en el curso de su vida. A veces las mujeres se dedican sus vidas enteras a sus parejas masculinas, con la esperanza de que sus deseos se cumpliran, como resultado de su devocion. Una de las mayores dificultades como mujer, como ha demostrado este narrador, es encontrarse a si mismo. La busqueda de la propia person alidad es dificil de encontrar. Esta no es una tarea facil. Con el fin de averiguar lo que uno quiere de la vida, uno tiene que hacer una gran cantidad de pensamiento. El narrador parece como si, para ayudar a aquellas personas que estan desposeidos, que ella misma esta asumiendo la carga de los que se quedan en su vivienda. Ella espera que de alguna manera una parte de ella sera guardado en sacrificar su tiempo y recursos para estas personas que se quedan en su lugar de refugio. Por supuesto, la busqueda de uno mismo viene con la contemplacion y reflexion interior. Es imposible encontrarse a uno mismo sin mirar lo que uno hace en la vida y la forma en que reflexiona sobre el caracter de uno. El narrador es, evidentemente, en conflicto. ?Le sigue a sacrificar su tiempo

Past exam papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Past exam papers - Essay Example As such, amount of firm effort is determined by market, not an entrepreneur. The market determines the level of effort needed in an enterprise and, therefore, the quality and determination of the person operating a business is affected by the effort observed. If the entrepreneur realizes that putting much effort will result into more output, then they will design a manager contract that requires the manager to be energetic and put more effort. If the effort is not much needed, then the entrepreneur will design the contract, which puts less pressure on the manager. a) Fair insurance has zero net payoff, that is, the total amount of premium, which is paid by the client, is equated to the expected value of compensation that would be received. A full insurance pays compensates the insured with a payment that is equal to the harm which is caused by the risk insured against, that is, it leaves the insured as well off as they would have been if the risk insured against did not occur. b) Full and fair insurance is given only in the event that the insured knows the degree of their risk. Both low and high-risk person knows whether the insurance is fair by comparing the level of their risk with the premium charged and the amount of compensation expected. c) Equilibrium occurs when the insured person and the insurance companies have the same information regarding the risk to be insured. When an insurance company fully understand the extent to which the client is exposed to the risk and the insured understands the extent to which the insurance company will cover him/her if the risk occurs. a) The EUT holds that after satisfaction of certain axioms, the subjected value that is associated with the gamble will be equal to the expected outcome valuation. The independence axiom regards well defined preferences and makes the assumption that when two gambles are

Lighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lighting - Essay Example Primarily, we should understand the process of lightning so that we become aware of how it actually takes place (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). There are small particles found in clouds called Hydrometeors. As they attain maturity, they start interacting with each other because of which they become charged. â€Å"Updrafts send the smaller positively charged particles upward and gravity pulls the bigger negatively charged particles downward. This results in clouds having their upper part positive charges and lower part negative charges† (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). This partition of charges causes a large electric potential not only between clouds themselves but also between the clouds and the earth. This electrical potential sometimes contains magnitude of million voltages. Ultimately, the electrical battle in the air collapse and lightning, the electrical expulsion between the areas of the cloud or between the cloud and the earth, takes place (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). A li ghtning strike can cause death several injuries to human beings. The method of injury is distinctive, and the demonstration differs from those of other electrical injuries. Lightning can injure people in many ways, such as it can impinge on a person directly or indirectly. It can cause heart damage or cardiac arrest; it is often responsible for causing temporary paralysis to the seriously injured people. Lightning may displace the bones or completely damage them; it sometimes creates skull fractures and cervical spine injuries. Lungs might be damaged which creates difficulty in breathing. It causes eye injuries which results in visual problems. It has been a notice by the experts that lightning causes more incidents in America annually than any other natural calamities. Thousands of lightning occurs every year and according to a data an average of â€Å"82 persons die each year from 1995 to 2000 three out of every four lightning deaths from the South and Midwest of America and one out of every four deaths was work-related i.e. from farming and construction works† (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). Many people are injured and many are killed due to lack of information or slapdash behavior during thunderstorm. Although there can be no absolute protection from lightning but experts have mentioned certain security measures that can reduce the possibility of being injured or killed due to lightning. Firstly, people should stay at safe places during thunderstorm. However there are no entirely safe places, but some places are safer than others are (Renner, pp. 23-39). Large and enclosed structures are considered as more appropriate to stay at than smaller and open structures. The danger for lightning injury depends on the structure having a feature of lightning protection, materials used in its construction and size of the structure. Generally, completely enclosed metal automobiles such as trucks, cars, vans, etc (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50), with the windows turne d up give good protection from lightning. One should avoid touching metal or conducting surfaces inside or the vehicle. Secondly, one should avoid going to high and open places, remote trees, defenseless gazebos, picnic points, baseball bunkers, connections towers, flagstaff, light pole, metal and wood benches, farm carts, and water related places such as oceans, seas, swimming pools, and rivers. One should stay away from using telephone, taking bathe, washing hands and dishes. Moreover, one may avoid contact with metal doors and windows, wiring cables of telephone, and television. If individuals can observe lightning and hear noise of thunder, they are already at threat. Noisy or repeated thunder shows that lightning activity is imminent and it is increasing

Negotiation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Negotiation - Essay Example The functions of communication are another feature that is important within the context of the negotiation process. Facilitation of the exchange of ideas and opinions between the negotiating parties is one of the functions of communication in negotiation. The functions of communication interact with other features such as the rules and the objectives of communication to influence the achievement of the goals of the negotiation. Chronemics are a non-verbal feature of communication that interacts with the willingness and commitment of the negotiating parties to resolve their conflict. Chronemics encompass aspects such as punctuality and patience that are crucial to the successful completion of every stage of the negotiating process (Wood, 2008). Finally, intentions are an important feature of communication that can affect the direction and success of the negotiation. Intention interplays with interpretation because most negotiators assume that whatever their opponent does or says is purposive and is meant to communicate something. As such, there is need for negotiators to be fully aware of their intentions when saying or doing something in every stage of the negotiating process in order to avoid being construed inappropriately (Wood, 2008). Nicholas Anderson’s post is an insightful piece that presents quite accurate information on the modes of communication. The idea that written communication helps make up the shortcoming of verbal communication to come out as abrasive is correct because the person communicating has more room to read and correct what he or she has written wrongly. His assertion that verbal communication is the mode of communication that many people are familiar with is acceptable. However, he overlooks the idea that it takes much interest and attention to catch sadness or happiness in a person’s voice because some people do not announce these things explicitly but only imply them. Anderson’s idea on

The Impact of Culture on Conservatism Assignment

The Impact of Culture on Conservatism - Assignment Example l with the presentation of those principles encompasses judgment yet cultural dissimilarities may result in alterations in the submission of those criterions. For instance, in relating a regulation that needs acknowledgment of a dependent damage when its realization is â€Å"plausible,† accountants in more highly traditional countries might make a mistake on the side of traditionalism by instituting a lower possibility verge as compared to bookkeepers in less traditional nations. Different segments in which values might result in dissimilarities in the use of monetary recording regulations include segments in which approximation and decision are involved, guarantee cost, irrecoverable outstanding, income recognition, asset damage checks, outdated portfolios, etc. Cancan’s in-house inspectors are required to remain conscious that bookkeepers in these diverse nations might entertain value-oriented prejudices in the manner in which they relate the company’s bookkeeping rules. Bookkeepers in Korea and Brazil may be increasingly traditional (higher UA, lower IND) in relating Cancan’s accounting rules than the bookkeepers in Sweden (lower UA, higher IND). The in-house inspector needs to draw a timetable to do checks to define whether this prejudice is operative. Exigencies, guarantee amount, doubtful outstanding, income appreciation, asset weakening tests, and outdated portfolios are all segments which need significant decision-making capacity. Bookkeepers in Korea and Brazil may be increasingly traditional (higher UA, lower IND) in relating Cancan’s accounting rules than the bookkeepers in Sweden (lower UA, higher IND). The in-house inspector needs to draw a timetable to do checks to define whether this prejudice is ope rative. Exigencies, guarantee amount, doubtful outstanding, income appreciation, asset weakening tests, and outdated portfolios are all segments which need significant decision-making capacity. Besides, the bookkeepers in Brazil and Korea may be less inclined to give evidence demanded by the in-house inspectors due to of an upper range of confidentiality.

I Do Not Speak English (Naia) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

I Do Not Speak English (Naia) - Essay Example I had seen and heard too much about the USA in books and media throughout my childhood, but this was my first chance to move to the USA. Coming to the USA was a different and new experience for me altogether. I had come from a society which was not as diverse as the society in the USA in terms of race, color, ethnicity, or religion. In the USA, the first thing my parents did for me was look for a good school for me. I got admitted in the Carmel High School. It was way big as compared to the school I had come from. When I arrived in the USA, I knew very basic English, if any. It was so difficult to communicate with the local people in the USA. I did not even know how to put words together to form a sentence. It took me so long to translate everything I thought into English that I frequently would become conscious that I was boring the person listening to me. The local people said things so fast that it was nearly impossible for me to catch what they said. I had to make them come again and again until I finally got their point. This was very emotionally demanding. It was indeed as difficult for them to cooperate with me as for me to catch up with them. Because of my language problem, I used to remain generally quite unless it was extremely necessary to talk. The local people there did not understand that this was the reason behind my quietness, and many would take me for proud, which I was absolutely not. I was missing my hometown a lot, but thinking about Bogota was useless as my parents would not allow me to live alone there. I had to stay in the USA. I realized that to adapt to the new culture and adjust in the American society, the first thing I needed to do was improve my English, so I started taking English classes. I worked with will, determination, and hard work. It did not take me much time to get hold of the basics. Within a year or so, I was able to write comprehensive essays in English. Every day, I learned at least two new words of English from the d ictionary, and would incorporate them in my writing the very day. This practice not only helped me polish my writing skills, but also helped me improve my English vocabulary. Today, I am proficient enough in English to qualify as an American citizen. One thing that I was always sure about was that in order to integrate into the American society, I would have to appreciate diversity as it happens to be a very integral trait of the American society. I started reading books about different cultures, and their individualistic trends, traditions, norms and values. I even studied comparative religious books in order to have an insight into the fundamentals of the beliefs of people belonging to different religions. This not only helped me understand the people around me better, but also increased by general knowledge a lot. Being aware of the religious and cultural norms and values of people in my class, neighborhood and the marketplace helped me socialize with them in such a way that they felt comfortable in my company and became my friends. I have seen tough times when I was in the high school. Bullying in the high school was very common. Senior students bullied the younger ones in a large number of ways including abusing, threatening, punching, and calling names. Laws of the high school were flexible, which was one reason why the students behaved irresponsibly. Although when I was in my high school, I had been living in the USA for quite some while, yet my English at that point in time was not very good. As my class-fellows

Lighting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lighting - Essay Example Primarily, we should understand the process of lightning so that we become aware of how it actually takes place (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). There are small particles found in clouds called Hydrometeors. As they attain maturity, they start interacting with each other because of which they become charged. â€Å"Updrafts send the smaller positively charged particles upward and gravity pulls the bigger negatively charged particles downward. This results in clouds having their upper part positive charges and lower part negative charges† (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). This partition of charges causes a large electric potential not only between clouds themselves but also between the clouds and the earth. This electrical potential sometimes contains magnitude of million voltages. Ultimately, the electrical battle in the air collapse and lightning, the electrical expulsion between the areas of the cloud or between the cloud and the earth, takes place (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). A li ghtning strike can cause death several injuries to human beings. The method of injury is distinctive, and the demonstration differs from those of other electrical injuries. Lightning can injure people in many ways, such as it can impinge on a person directly or indirectly. It can cause heart damage or cardiac arrest; it is often responsible for causing temporary paralysis to the seriously injured people. Lightning may displace the bones or completely damage them; it sometimes creates skull fractures and cervical spine injuries. Lungs might be damaged which creates difficulty in breathing. It causes eye injuries which results in visual problems. It has been a notice by the experts that lightning causes more incidents in America annually than any other natural calamities. Thousands of lightning occurs every year and according to a data an average of â€Å"82 persons die each year from 1995 to 2000 three out of every four lightning deaths from the South and Midwest of America and one out of every four deaths was work-related i.e. from farming and construction works† (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50). Many people are injured and many are killed due to lack of information or slapdash behavior during thunderstorm. Although there can be no absolute protection from lightning but experts have mentioned certain security measures that can reduce the possibility of being injured or killed due to lightning. Firstly, people should stay at safe places during thunderstorm. However there are no entirely safe places, but some places are safer than others are (Renner, pp. 23-39). Large and enclosed structures are considered as more appropriate to stay at than smaller and open structures. The danger for lightning injury depends on the structure having a feature of lightning protection, materials used in its construction and size of the structure. Generally, completely enclosed metal automobiles such as trucks, cars, vans, etc (Adekoya & Nolte, pp. 45-50), with the windows turne d up give good protection from lightning. One should avoid touching metal or conducting surfaces inside or the vehicle. Secondly, one should avoid going to high and open places, remote trees, defenseless gazebos, picnic points, baseball bunkers, connections towers, flagstaff, light pole, metal and wood benches, farm carts, and water related places such as oceans, seas, swimming pools, and rivers. One should stay away from using telephone, taking bathe, washing hands and dishes. Moreover, one may avoid contact with metal doors and windows, wiring cables of telephone, and television. If individuals can observe lightning and hear noise of thunder, they are already at threat. Noisy or repeated thunder shows that lightning activity is imminent and it is increasing